Nervousness about senior living has
spread as a result, and in July, the National Investment Center for
Seniors Housing & Care reported the lowest occupancy rates since the
research organization started tracking data 14 years ago.
Occupancy
dropped more in assisted living (a 3.2% decline from April through
June, compared with January through March) than in independent living (a
2.4% decline). The organization doesn't compile data on nursing homes.
In
a separate NIC survey of senior housing executives in August, 74% said
families had voiced concerns about moving in as Covid cases spiked in
many parts of the country.
The
potential for social isolation is especially worrisome, as facilities
retain restrictions on family visits and on group dining and activities.
(While states have started to allow visits outside at nursing homes and
assisted living centers, most facilities don't yet allow visits inside —
a situation that will increase frustration when the weather turns
cold.)
Beth Burnham Mace, NIC's
chief economist and director of outreach, emphasized that operators have
responded aggressively by instituting new safety and sanitation
protocols, moving programming online, helping residents procure
groceries and other essential supplies, and communicating regularly
about Covid-19, both on-site and in the community at large, much more
regularly.
Mary Kazlusky, 76, resides in
independent living at Heron's Key, a continuing care retirement
community in Gig Harbor, Washington, which is doing all this and more
with a sister facility, Emerald Heights in Redmond, Washington.
"We
all feel safe here," she said. "Even though we're strongly advised not
to go into each other's apartments, at least we can see each other in
the hall and down in the lobby and down on the decks outside. As far as
isolation, you're isolating here with over 200 people: There's somebody
always around."
One staff member at
Heron's Key tested positive for Covid-19 in August but has recovered.
Twenty residents and staff members tested positive at Emerald Heights.
Two residents and one staff member died.
Colin
Milner, chief executive officer of the International Council on Active
Aging, stresses that some communities are doing a better job than
others. His organization recently published a report on the future of
senior living in light of the pandemic.
It
calls on operators to institute a host of changes, including
establishing safe visiting areas for families both inside and outside;
providing high-speed internet services throughout communities; and
ensuring adequate supplies of masks and other forms of personal
protective equipment for residents and staff, among other
recommendations.
Some families now
wish they'd arranged for older relatives to receive care in a more
structured environment before the pandemic started. They're finding that
older relatives living independently, especially those who are frail or
have mild cognitive impairments, are having difficulty managing on
their own.
"I'm hearing from a lot of people —
mostly older daughters — that we waited too long to move Mom or Dad, we
had our head in the sand, can you help us find a place for them," said
Allie Mazza, who owns Brandywine Concierge Senior Services in Kennett
Square, Pennsylvania.
While many
operators instituted move-in moratoriums early in the pandemic, most now
allow new residents as long as they test negative for Covid-19.
Quarantines of up to two weeks are also required before people can
circulate in the community.
Many
older adults, however, simply don't have the financial means to make a
move. More than half of middle-income seniors — nearly 8 million older
adults — can't afford independent living or assisted living communities,
according to a 2019 study.
And
more than 7 million seniors are poor, according to the federal
Supplemental Poverty Measure, which includes out-of-pocket medical
expenses and other drains on cash reserves.
Questions to ask
For those able to consider senior housing, experts suggest you ask several questions:
•
How is the facility communicating with residents and families? Has it
had a Covid outbreak? Is it disclosing Covid cases and deaths? Is it
sharing the latest guidance from federal, state and local public health
authorities?
• What protocols have
been instituted to ensure safety? "I'd want to know: Do they have a plan
in place for disasters — not just the pandemic but also floods, fires,
hurricanes, blizzards?" Milner said. "And beyond a plan, do they have
supplies in place?"
• How does the
community engage residents? Is online programming — exercise classes,
lectures, interest group meetings — available? Are one-on-one
interactions with staffers possible? Are staffers arranging online
interactions via FaceTime or Zoom with family? Are family visits
allowed?
"Social
engagement and stimulation are more important than ever," said David
Schless, president of the American Seniors Housing Association.
•
What's the company's financial status and occupancy rate? "Properties
with occupancy rates of 90% or higher are going to be able to withstand
the pressures of Covid-19 significantly more than properties with
occupancy below 80%, in my opinion," said Mace of the National
Investment Center for Seniors Housing & Care. Higher occupancy means
more revenues, which allows institutions to better afford extra
expenses associated with the pandemic.
"Transparency is very important," Schless said.
KHN (Kaiser Health News) is a nonprofit news service covering health issues. It is an editorially independent program of KFF (Kaiser Family Foundation) that is not affiliated with Kaiser Permanente.